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The analyses focus on the work of the UN Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) on the security of and in the use of ICTs, the central UN forum where states have negotiated rules, norms, and confidence-building measures for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace. Across its mandate, the OEWG has served as a unique platform for all UN member states to engage in dialogue, seek consensus, and confront disagreements on some of the most pressing digital security issues.
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This publication comprises analyses written by our team of experts spanning 2021–2025. It brings together previously published texts, grouped thematically but presented in their original form, preserving the context in which they were written. This format allows readers to trace the evolution of negotiations on each topic and gain insight into how positions and dynamics unfolded over time.

By following the OEWG’s deliberations over its 2021–2025 cycle, this volume captures not only substantive outcomes but also the nuances of negotiation: recurring points of convergence and divergence, innovative proposals, and the gradual building of common ground. It provides readers with a comprehensive resource to understand how international discussions on ICT security have evolved and what they may signal for the future of digital governance and international peace and security.

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